Defective incorporation occurs when the promoters fail to fully comply with the applicable corporate statute. De Jure Corporation De Facto Corporation Corporation by Estoppel Characteristics Articles and Bylaws Pre-Incorporation Contracts Ultra Vires Doctrine The Objective of the Corporation Characteristics Articles and Bylaws Pre-Incorporation Contracts Ultra Vires Doctrine The Objective of the Corporation Corporate Structure Special Problems of Close Corporations Corporate Form Corporate Structure Special Problems of Close Corporations Corporate Organization and Management